Vocabulary
Secondary Dominant Chords: refers to a dominant-like function of a chromatically altered chord built on a scale degree other than the 5th of the prevailing key, with V7/V, the dominant of the dominant
Tonicization: make a non-tonic note sound like the tonic
Modulation: when music remains in a new tonal area so long that the ear no longer hears the original tonic as "tonic" anymore
Common chord modulation: a chord that functions in both keys and is the chord immediately before the point of modulation
Abrupt modulation: modulation in which one phrase ends with a cadence in the original key, and begins the next phrase in the destination key without any transition material linking the two keys
Chromatic modulation: modulate up or down a half step
Neapolitan Chords: a major triad built on the lowered second degree
Augmented Sixth Chords: augmented sixth interval between bass and chromatically raised note (root note)
Italian +6: derived from iv6 with an altered fourth scale degree, ♯4: ♭6—1—♯4
French +6: similar to the Italian, but with an additional tone, 2: ♭6—1—2—♯4
German +6: also like the Italian, but with an added tone ♭3: ♭6—1—♭3—♯4
Secondary Dominant Chords: refers to a dominant-like function of a chromatically altered chord built on a scale degree other than the 5th of the prevailing key, with V7/V, the dominant of the dominant
Tonicization: make a non-tonic note sound like the tonic
Modulation: when music remains in a new tonal area so long that the ear no longer hears the original tonic as "tonic" anymore
Common chord modulation: a chord that functions in both keys and is the chord immediately before the point of modulation
Abrupt modulation: modulation in which one phrase ends with a cadence in the original key, and begins the next phrase in the destination key without any transition material linking the two keys
Chromatic modulation: modulate up or down a half step
Neapolitan Chords: a major triad built on the lowered second degree
Augmented Sixth Chords: augmented sixth interval between bass and chromatically raised note (root note)
Italian +6: derived from iv6 with an altered fourth scale degree, ♯4: ♭6—1—♯4
French +6: similar to the Italian, but with an additional tone, 2: ♭6—1—2—♯4
German +6: also like the Italian, but with an added tone ♭3: ♭6—1—♭3—♯4